Cantilevers  --  Part of the cartridge-stylus assembly. These can contribute up to 60% of the effective mass, so materials must have a low mass yet be very rigid. Some of these in order of merit are: tubular aluminium, beryllium, sapphire, boron. Owing to the leverage ratio, a short cantilever transmits a large movement to the generators and vice-versa, but the ratio reflects the mechanical effect of the load. So small cantilevers give a large output but also have a large effective mass.